{"id":547,"date":"2018-04-11T19:15:41","date_gmt":"2018-04-11T19:15:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/biznes-start.pl\/?p=547"},"modified":"2020-03-29T13:01:11","modified_gmt":"2020-03-29T13:01:11","slug":"koszty-energii-elektrycznej","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/biz24.com.pl\/?p=547","title":{"rendered":"

Koszty energii elektrycznej<\/H1>"},"content":{"rendered":"

W wielu firmach, w szczeg\u00f3lno\u015bci produkcyjnych, koszty energii elektrycznej<\/strong> stanowi\u0105 znacz\u0105c\u0105 pozycj\u0119 kosztow\u0105 i tym samym mog\u0105 by\u0107 jednym z czynnik\u00f3w stanowi\u0105cych o pozycji konkurencyjnej firmy. Je\u015bli koszty energii stanowi\u0105 ponad 10% wszystkich koszt\u00f3w operacyjnych firmy<\/strong>, wtedy warto zwraca\u0107 szczeg\u00f3ln\u0105 uwag\u0119 na t\u0105 pozycj\u0119 kosztow\u0105.<\/p>\n

Jedn\u0105 z dr\u00f3g obni\u017cenia tej pozycji kosztowej jest obserwowanie cen energii oferowanych na Towarowej Gie\u0142dzie Energii<\/strong> w Warszawie. <\/p>\n

Cena energii, kt\u00f3ra jest kontraktowana na Towarowej Gie\u0142dzie Energii jest „brudn\u0105” energi\u0105 oferowan\u0105 na rynku hurtowym, bez narzut\u00f3w (w tym op\u0142aty za prawa maj\u0105tkowe) dodatkowych w szczeg\u00f3lno\u015bci:
\n – zielonych certyfikat\u00f3w<\/strong> – odnosz\u0105 si\u0119 do energii wyprodukowanych w instalacjach OZE (fotowoltaika, energia wiatrowa, biogazownie, itd),
\n – bia\u0142ych certyfikat\u00f3w <\/strong>– odnosz\u0105 si\u0119 do podnoszenia efektywno\u015bci energetycznej w\u015br\u00f3d odbiorc\u00f3w ko\u0144cowych,
\n– czerwonych certyfikat\u00f3w<\/strong> – odnosz\u0105 si\u0119 do wsparcia technologii kogeneracji z ciep\u0142em,
\n – niebieskich certyfikat\u00f3w<\/strong> — odnosz\u0105 se wsparcia technologii kogenegeracji z metanem
\n – \u017c\u00f3\u0142tych certyfikat\u00f3w – odnosz\u0105 se wsparcia technologii kogenegeracji gazowej.
\n\u0141\u0105czna warto\u015b\u0107 praw maj\u0105tkowych<\/strong> kszta\u0142tuje si\u0119 na poziomie 20 – 40 PLN\/MWh, co odpowiada ok. 15 – 20 % warto\u015bci energii elektrycznej). <\/p>\n

Akcyza<\/strong> jest podatkiem po\u015brednim, kt\u00f3ry reguluje ustawa o podatku akcyzowym (Dz. U. z 2017 r. poz. 43). Stawka akcyzy na energi\u0119 elektryczn\u0105 wynosi 20,0 PLN za megawatogodzin\u0119 (MWh) i ponoszona jest przez kupuj\u0105cego.<\/p>\n

Dodatkowym elementem sk\u0142adowym ceny energii s\u0105 koszty bilansowania <\/strong>energii, kt\u00f3re maj\u0105 na celu zapewnienie ci\u0105g\u0142o\u015bci dostaw energii przez Rynek bilansuj\u0105cy oraz op\u0142aty za dystrybucj\u0119 energii (zawieraj\u0105 r\u00f3\u017cne koszty zwi\u0105zane z jej przesy\u0142em). Koszty bilansowania energii wynosz\u0105 ok. 2 % koszt\u00f3w energii, natomiast koszty dystrybucji <\/strong>uzale\u017cnione s\u0105 od ilo\u015bci zakontraktowanej energii (s\u0105 kosztami zmiennymi).<\/p>\n

Moc umowna<\/strong> r\u00f3wnie\u017c mo\u017ce mie\u0107 du\u017ce znaczenie na obni\u017cenie koszt\u00f3w ponoszonych za energi\u0119 elektryczn\u0105. Moc umowna to moc, kt\u00f3r\u0105 musi zapewni\u0107 dostawca odbiorcy ko\u0144cowemu<\/strong> i tym samym ka\u017cdy kW ma swoj\u0105 warto\u015b\u0107. Je\u015bli warto\u015b\u0107 mocy umownej jest zbyt wysoka<\/strong>, to tym samym ponosimy koszty niewykorzystanej energii. Przy ustaleniu mocy umownej pomocnym mo\u017ce okaza\u0107 si\u0119 zastosowanie systemu pomiarowego, kt\u00f3ry b\u0119dzie rejestrowa\u0142 chwilowe warto\u015bci mocy zu\u017cywanej przez firm\u0119 r\u00f3\u017cnych okresach dnia. Przy okazji zbyt niska<\/strong> warto\u015b\u0107 mocy umownej r\u00f3wnie\u017c jest niebezpieczna, gdy\u017c ka\u017cde przekroczenie mocy umownej zwi\u0105zane jest z ponoszeniem dodatkowych koszt\u00f3w umownych (stosunkowo wysokich w por\u00f3wnaniu z naszymi cenami umownymi).<\/p>\n

\"Narz\u0119dzia<\/a><\/p>\n

Istotnym elementem kosztowym mo\u017ce okaza\u0107 si\u0119 r\u00f3wnie\u017c moc bierna<\/strong> zu\u017cywana w firmie przed odbiorniki o charakterze pojemno\u015bciowym lub indukcyjnym. Sposobem na obni\u017cenie koszt\u00f3w ponoszonych przez firm\u0119 na moc biern\u0105 mo\u017ce by\u0107 kompensacja mocy biernej<\/strong> (kondensatorowe uk\u0142ady zewn\u0119trzne minimalizuj\u0105ce koszty wyst\u0119powania mocy biernej).<\/p>\n

Planuj\u0105c zmian\u0119 dostawcy energii elektrycznej w firmie warto sprawdzi\u0107, czy oferent przedstawiaj\u0105c nam ofert\u0119 dostaw energii uwzgl\u0119dni\u0142 w niej wszystkie powy\u017csze elementy sk\u0142adowe ceny energii<\/strong>, w szczeg\u00f3lno\u015bci zwi\u0105zane z op\u0142atami za prawa maj\u0105tkowe. Na rynku zdarzaj\u0105 si\u0119 oferenci, kt\u00f3rzy oferuj\u0105 cen\u0119 energii bez uwzgl\u0119dnienia warto\u015bci certyfikat\u00f3w, kt\u00f3re i tak firma kupuj\u0105ca energi\u0119 elektryczn\u0105 b\u0119dzie musia\u0142a pokry\u0107 w ko\u0144cowym rozrachunku z dostawc\u0105 energii elektrycznej.<\/p>\n

Z uwagi na fakt, \u017ce w d\u0142u\u017cszej perspektywie czasowej cena energii b\u0119dzie wzrasta\u0142a, dlatego w\u0142a\u015bciwy wyb\u00f3r dostawcy i okres dostaw energii mog\u0105 da\u0107 znacz\u0105ce oszcz\u0119dno\u015bci<\/strong> – mog\u0105 one si\u0119ga\u0107 nawet 5 – 10 % w skali roku.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

W wielu firmach, w szczeg\u00f3lno\u015bci produkcyjnych, koszty energii elektrycznej stanowi\u0105 znacz\u0105c\u0105 pozycj\u0119 kosztow\u0105 i tym samym mog\u0105 by\u0107 jednym z czynnik\u00f3w stanowi\u0105cych o pozycji konkurencyjnej firmy. Je\u015bli koszty energii stanowi\u0105 ponad 10% wszystkich koszt\u00f3w operacyjnych firmy, wtedy warto zwraca\u0107 szczeg\u00f3ln\u0105 uwag\u0119 na t\u0105 pozycj\u0119 kosztow\u0105. Jedn\u0105 z dr\u00f3g obni\u017cenia tej pozycji kosztowej jest obserwowanie cen […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":772,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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