{"id":350,"date":"2017-08-23T18:02:13","date_gmt":"2017-08-23T18:02:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/biznes-start.pl\/?p=350"},"modified":"2020-03-29T14:49:50","modified_gmt":"2020-03-29T14:49:50","slug":"koszty-zlej-jakosci","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/biz24.com.pl\/?p=350","title":{"rendered":"

Koszty z\u0142ej jako\u015bci<\/H1>"},"content":{"rendered":"

Produkcja<\/strong> to proces wytwarzania produkt\u00f3w, kt\u00f3rych cechy i w\u0142asno\u015bci najcz\u0119\u015bciej zostaj\u0105 ustalone na etapie projektowania i wykonywania prototypu<\/strong>. Zatwierdzony prototyp w fazie produkcji seryjnej<\/strong> mo\u017ce by\u0107 wytwarzany w tysi\u0105cach, setkach tysi\u0119cy lub nawet milionach sztuk. W\u0142a\u015bnie dlatego b\u0142\u0119dy pope\u0142nione na etapie projektowania<\/strong> znacz\u0105co wp\u0142ywaj\u0105 na wysoko\u015b\u0107 koszt\u00f3w, jakie firma mo\u017ce by\u0107 zmuszona ponie\u015b\u0107 w celu usuni\u0119cia samych b\u0142\u0119d\u00f3w oraz skutk\u00f3w wynikaj\u0105cych z tych b\u0142\u0119d\u00f3w.<\/p>\n

Warto\u015b\u0107 koszt\u00f3w b\u0142\u0119d\u00f3w <\/strong>zwi\u0105zanych z usuwaniem skutki ich wyst\u0105pienia zale\u017c\u0105 od fazy w jakiej wyst\u0105pi\u0142y. Warto\u015b\u0107 koszt\u00f3w b\u0142\u0119d\u00f3w wynika wprost z wielko\u015bci serii<\/strong> produkcyjnej kt\u00f3rej one dotycz\u0105. St\u0105d usuni\u0119cie b\u0142\u0119d\u00f3w w fazie produkcji seryjnej jest co najmniej 100 krotnie wy\u017csze od koszt\u00f3w ponoszonych na etapie projektowania<\/strong> wyrobu.<\/p>\n

B\u0142\u0105d zauwa\u017cony w fazie projektowania wymaga poniesienia m.in. koszt\u00f3w zwi\u0105zanych ze zmian\u0105 dokumentacji technicznej<\/strong> wyrobu, zmian\u0105 oprzyrz\u0105dowania<\/strong> lub ze zmian\u0105 zastosowanych materia\u0142\u00f3w<\/strong>. Na etapie projektowania warto wykorzystywa\u0107 dane i do\u015bwiadczenia pochodz\u0105ce z produkcji podobnych wyrob\u00f3w<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

W przypadku wyst\u0105pienia b\u0142\u0119du na etapie produkcji seryjnej<\/strong> opr\u00f3cz wszystkich koszt\u00f3w pochodz\u0105cych z fazy projektowania przychodzi nam r\u00f3wnie\u017c pokry\u0107 koszty usuni\u0119cia b\u0142\u0119du we wszystkich wyrobach wyprodukowanych do momentu stwierdzenia b\u0142\u0119du<\/strong>. To w\u0142a\u015bnie im p\u00f3\u017aniej wykryjemy b\u0142\u0119dy w produkowanych wyrobach, tym staj\u0105 si\u0119 one coraz dro\u017csze<\/strong> i jednocze\u015bnie tym trudniej jest nad nimi zapanowa\u0107.<\/p>\n

Niejednokrotnie s\u0142yszy si\u0119 o akcjach sprowadzania wadliwych samochod\u00f3w do serwis\u00f3w firmowych celem usuni\u0119cia jakiej\u015b usterki<\/strong>. Operacja taka mo\u017ce kosztowa\u0107 firm\u0119 kilka, a w skrajnych przypadkach nawet kilkaset milion\u00f3w dolar\u00f3w, nie m\u00f3wi\u0105c ju\u017c o stratach zwi\u0105zanych z utrat\u0105 dobrego imienia w\u015br\u00f3d klient\u00f3w<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Aktualnie coraz wi\u0119cej firm stosuje nowoczesne narz\u0119dzia planowania jako\u015bci<\/strong>, kt\u00f3re u\u0142atwiaj\u0105 zapobieganie wyst\u0119powaniu b\u0142\u0119d\u00f3w na r\u00f3\u017cnych etapach \u017cycia wyrobu. W tym obszarze przoduj\u0105 firmy z bran\u017cy motoryzacyjnej, kt\u00f3re w swojej mi\u0119dzynarodowej specyfikacji ISO\/TS 16949<\/strong> – skierowanej do dostawc\u00f3w firm samochodowych – uwzgl\u0119dni\u0142y proces zaawansowanego planowania jako\u015bci – APQP <\/strong>(Advanced Product Quality Planning).<\/p>\n

W\u015br\u00f3d najwa\u017cniejszych narz\u0119dzi zaawansowanego planowania jako\u015bci warto wymieni\u0107:
\n – analiz\u0119 FMEA<\/strong> (Failure Mode Effect Analysis),
\n – statystyczn\u0105 kontrol\u0119 proces\u00f3w SPC<\/strong> (Statistical Process Control),
\n – analiz\u0119 przyrz\u0105d\u00f3w pomiarowych MSA<\/strong> (Measurement Systems Analysis),
\n – proces akceptacji wyrobu PPAP<\/strong> (Production Part Aproval Process).<\/p>\n

Nieroz\u0142\u0105cznym elementem statystycznej kontroli proces\u00f3w jest podej\u015bcie Six Sigma<\/strong>, kt\u00f3rego celem jest minimalizacja odchyle\u0144 proces\u00f3w<\/strong> przy jednoczesnym zagwarantowaniu ich zdolno\u015bci. Tylko procesy spe\u0142niaj\u0105ce okre\u015blone kryteria odbiorowe s\u0105 w stanie zapewni\u0107 nam wysok\u0105 i powtarzaln\u0105 jako\u015b\u0107 produkowanych wyrob\u00f3w<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Bardzo wa\u017cnym narz\u0119dziem przy doskonaleniu obieg\u00f3w wewn\u0119trznych w firmie oraz samych wyrob\u00f3w jest proces ci\u0105g\u0142ego doskonalenia jako\u015bci<\/strong> (Kaizen), kt\u00f3ry sta\u0142 si\u0119 jednym z g\u0142\u00f3wnych element\u00f3w norm opisuj\u0105cych wymagania stawiane nowoczesnym systemom zarz\u0105dzania jako\u015bci<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Poszczeg\u00f3lne narz\u0119dzia w\u0142a\u015bciwie stosowane na r\u00f3\u017cnych etapach \u017cycia wyrobu pozwalaj\u0105 nam wykry\u0107, unikn\u0105\u0107 lub przeprowadzi\u0107 skuteczn\u0105 analiz\u0119 potencjalnych b\u0142\u0119d\u00f3w<\/strong>. Przy czym w wielu przypadkach staj\u0105 si\u0119 one bezu\u017cyteczne bez stworzenia w\u0142a\u015bciwej kultury organizacyjnej<\/strong> w firmie, w kt\u00f3rej wszyscy pracownicy b\u0119d\u0105 identyfikowali si\u0119 z celami firmy<\/strong>, a sama firma nie b\u0119dzie nastawiona na samodoskonalenie<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Podczas planowania ka\u017cdego procesu warto mie\u0107 na uwadze fakt, \u017ce unikanie b\u0142\u0119d\u00f3w<\/strong> jest zdecydowanie korzystniejsze i ta\u0144sze od ich wykrywania oraz usuwania<\/strong>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Produkcja to proces wytwarzania produkt\u00f3w, kt\u00f3rych cechy i w\u0142asno\u015bci najcz\u0119\u015bciej zostaj\u0105 ustalone na etapie projektowania i wykonywania prototypu. Zatwierdzony prototyp w fazie produkcji seryjnej mo\u017ce by\u0107 wytwarzany w tysi\u0105cach, setkach tysi\u0119cy lub nawet milionach sztuk. W\u0142a\u015bnie dlatego b\u0142\u0119dy pope\u0142nione na etapie projektowania znacz\u0105co wp\u0142ywaj\u0105 na wysoko\u015b\u0107 koszt\u00f3w, jakie firma mo\u017ce by\u0107 zmuszona ponie\u015b\u0107 w celu […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":819,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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