{"id":1308,"date":"2024-07-02T20:32:33","date_gmt":"2024-07-02T20:32:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/biz24.com.pl\/?p=1308"},"modified":"2024-10-17T20:16:04","modified_gmt":"2024-10-17T20:16:04","slug":"import-z-dalekiego-wschodu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/biz24.com.pl\/?p=1308","title":{"rendered":"Import z Dalekiego Wschodu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Import produkt\u00f3w z Dalekiego Wschodu mo\u017ce by\u0107 op\u0142acalny, przy czym poszukuj\u0105c \u017ar\u00f3d\u0142a dostaw<\/strong> mamy albo mo\u017cliwo\u015b\u0107 kontaktu z firmami typowo handlowymi, albo bezpo\u015brednio z fabryk\u0105.<\/p>\n

W przypadku fabryk koszt produkt\u00f3w<\/strong> mo\u017ce by\u0107 ni\u017cszy ze wzgl\u0119du na ich bezpo\u015brednie \u017ar\u00f3d\u0142o (mog\u0105 one oferowa\u0107 r\u00f3\u017cne poziomy minimalnych zam\u00f3wie\u0144, mo\u017cliwo\u015b\u0107 produkcji wg wymaga\u0144 klienta w tym na zasadach OEM, dost\u0119pno\u015b\u0107 serwisu i wsparcia technicznego). Natomiast w przypadku firm handlowych<\/strong> uzyskujemy dost\u0119p do szerszej gamy produkt\u00f3w do wyboru, jednak mamy mniejsze mo\u017cliwo\u015bci jego dopasowania do naszych potrzeb, zwykle musimy si\u0119 r\u00f3wnie\u017c liczy\u0107 z wy\u017cszymi kosztami jednostkowymi oraz ewentualnie z utrudnieniami w obs\u0142udze serwisowej oraz posprzeda\u017cowej). Natomiast w tym przypadku zwykle wyst\u0119puj\u0105 niskie wymagania w zakresie minimalnych ilo\u015bci zam\u00f3wienia<\/strong>, kt\u00f3re w przypadku importu bezpo\u015brednio z fabryki cz\u0119sto bazuj\u0105 na ilo\u015bciach kontenerowych.<\/p>\n

\"Kalkulatory<\/a><\/p>\n

Dlatego firmy rozpoczynaj\u0105ce dzia\u0142alno\u015b\u0107<\/strong> importow\u0105 powinny rozwa\u017cy\u0107 import z Dalekiego Wschodu za po\u015brednictwem firm handlowych.<\/p>\n

Z pewno\u015bci\u0105 w zwi\u0105zku z efektem skali Kraje Dalekiego Wschodu<\/strong> jest dobrym \u017ar\u00f3d\u0142em zakup\u00f3w d\u00f3br konsumpcyjnych i w takim przypadku mo\u017cna dodatkowo wykorzysta\u0107 walut\u0119 chi\u0144sk\u0105, co pozwoli na uzyskanie lepszej ceny transakcji.<\/p>\n

Przed rozpocz\u0119ciem procesu importu towar\u00f3w niezb\u0119dne jest przeprowadzenie szeregu analiz zwi\u0105zanych z konieczno\u015bci\u0105 spe\u0142nienia r\u00f3\u017cnych wymaga\u0144, norm i przepis\u00f3w<\/strong> w szczeg\u00f3lno\u015bci:
\n–\tNiezb\u0119dne certyfikaty<\/strong> (CE, deklaracje bran\u017cowe),
\n–\tWymagania test\u00f3w RoHs<\/strong> (unijna dyrektywa Restriction of Hazardous Substances (2002\/95\/EC), z 27 stycznia 2003 roku,),
\n–\tWymagania dyrektywy niskonapi\u0119ciowej<\/strong> (Dyrektywa 2014\/35\/UE ma zastosowanie do sprz\u0119tu pracuj\u0105cego w zakresie napi\u0119\u0107 50 ? 1000V pr\u0105du przemiennego i 75 ? 1500V pr\u0105du sta\u0142ego)
\n–\tWymagania dyrektywy EMC<\/strong> (Dyrektywa EMC – dyrektywa kompatybilno\u015bci elektromagnetycznej)
\n–\tWymagania dotycz\u0105ce warto\u015bci granicznych emisji zanieczyszcze\u0144 gazowych i py\u0142owych<\/strong> oraz homologacji typu w odniesieniu do silnik\u00f3w spalinowych (ROZPORZ\u0104DZENIE PARLAMENTU EUROPEJSKIEGO I RADY (UE) 2016\/1628 z dnia 14 wrze\u015bnia 2016 r.)<\/p>\n

\"Import<\/a><\/p>\n

Rozpoczynaj\u0105c import towar\u00f3w z Dalekiego Wschodu w pierwszej kolejno\u015bci musimy sprawdzi\u0107, czy zakres prowadzonej dzia\u0142alno\u015bci biznesowej <\/strong> obejmuje towary przewidziane do importu. Ponadto niezb\u0119dne jest sprawdzenie jakie normy europejskie powinny spe\u0142nia\u0107 importowane produkty oraz jakie powinny by\u0107 przedstawione do nich certyfikaty.<\/p>\n

Zwykle firmy sprzedaj\u0105ce importowane produkty zazwyczaj s\u0105 przygotowane na transakcje bazuj\u0105ce na bardzo du\u017cych ilo\u015bciach i wtedy mo\u017cliwe jest wynegocjowanie szczeg\u00f3lnie dobrych cen. Jednak\u017ce jednocze\u015bnie zakupy du\u017cych ilo\u015bci, szczeg\u00f3lnie wysoko skomplikowanych technologicznie produkt\u00f3w, mo\u017ce wi\u0105za\u0107 si\u0119 z du\u017cym ryzykiem<\/strong> (samochody elektryczne, pompy ciep\u0142a, inne).<\/p>\n

Import to r\u00f3wnie\u017c konieczno\u015b\u0107 podj\u0119cia decyzji o tym, czy b\u0119dzie realizowany bezpo\u015brednio z Dalekiego Wschodu, czy te\u017c z lokalizacji europejskiej. Oczywi\u015bcie w drugim przypadku cena jednostkowa importowanego towaru b\u0119dzie wy\u017csza, ale w tym przypadku importer ponn\u015bci zdecydowanie ni\u017csze ryzyko wprowadzania towaru na rynek<\/strong> (w tym r\u00f3wnie\u017c ponosi koszty uzyskania stosownych dokument\u00f3w i certyfikat\u00f3w).<\/p>\n

W przypadku r\u00f3\u017cnych grup wyrob\u00f3w warto r\u00f3wnie\u017c sprawdzi\u0107 wysoko\u015b\u0107 op\u0142at celnych<\/strong> na r\u00f3\u017cne wyroby, gdy\u017c cz\u0119\u015b\u0107 produkt\u00f3w mo\u017ce by\u0107 obj\u0119ta r\u00f3\u017cnymi c\u0142ami karnymi<\/strong> (profile aluminiowe, pojazdy samochodowe, felgi samochodowe). Koszt c\u0142a mo\u017cna sprawdzi\u0107 w systemie ISZTAR<\/strong> (stawki celne mog\u0105 wynosi\u0107 od 0 do 60 %).<\/p>\n

Wybieraj\u0105c produkty do importu warto r\u00f3wnie\u017c sprawdzi\u0107 ich pozycj\u0119 na rynku, gdy\u017c mog\u0105 by\u0107 oferowane przez r\u00f3\u017cnych sprzedawc\u00f3w, r\u00f3wnie\u017c dalokowschodnich (na platformach Allegro, Aliexpress). Tym samym warto sprawdzi\u0107 rentowno\u015b\u0107 importowanego produktu<\/strong> oraz upewni\u0107 si\u0119, \u017ce istnieje na niego rynek (w tym warto oceni\u0107 r\u00f3wnie\u017c konkurencj\u0119).<\/p>\n

Istotnym elementem procesu wyboru dostawy jest r\u00f3wnie\u017c sprawdzenie firmy sprzedawcy<\/strong>, jej historii sprzeda\u017cowej oraz wiarygodno\u015bci. W przypadku produkt\u00f3w zawansowanych technologicznie warto r\u00f3wnie\u017c sprawdzi\u0107 warunki obs\u0142ugi posprzeda\u017cowej <\/strong>(sposoby realizacji serwisu oraz gwarancji, dost\u0119pno\u015bci cz\u0119\u015bci zamiennych, ewentualnego wsparcia technicznego).
\nObliczaj\u0105c koszty importu towar\u00f3w z Dalekiego Wschodu, opr\u00f3cz samego kosztu transport warto r\u00f3wnie\u017c uwzgl\u0119dni\u0107 koszty ubezpieczenia transportu<\/strong> (je\u015bli transport realizowany jest z Dalekiego Wschodu) oraz dodatkowo warto r\u00f3wnie\u017c sprawdzi\u0107 koszty magazynowania<\/strong> oraz transportu \u015br\u00f3dl\u0105dowego<\/strong> (do firmy importera).<\/p>\n

W przypadku realizacji zam\u00f3wienia przy wielko\u015bciach kontenerowych sprzedawcy z Dalekiego Wschodu oczekuj\u0105 najcz\u0119\u015bciej dokonania przedp\u0142aty<\/strong> w wysoko\u015bci 30-40 % przed uruchomieniem zam\u00f3wienia oraz nast\u0119pnie reszty p\u0142atno\u015bci przed rozpocz\u0119ciem wysy\u0142ki<\/strong>. Zakupy kontenerowe to r\u00f3wnie\u017c ryzyko wyst\u0105pienia niekorzystnych trend\u00f3w cenowych<\/strong> lub\/i r\u00f3\u017cnic kursowych<\/strong>, kt\u00f3re mog\u0105 wp\u0142yn\u0105\u0107 na wynik finansowy dzia\u0142alno\u015bci importowej. <\/p>\n

Transport z Dalekiego Wschodu mo\u017ce by\u0107 realizowany na kilka sposob\u00f3w, w szczeg\u00f3lno\u015bci:
\n–\tPrzesy\u0142ka lotnicza<\/strong> jest stosunkowo droga zwykle stosowana w przypadku ma\u0142ych przesy\u0142ek,
\n–\tFracht morski<\/strong> jest idealny w przypadku wi\u0119kszych przedmiot\u00f3w lub przesy\u0142ek i jest ta\u0144szy, ale zdecydowanie d\u0142u\u017cej trwa (obecnie wyst\u0119puj\u0105 zak\u0142\u00f3cenia zwi\u0105zane z konieczno\u015bci\u0105 obje\u017cd\u017cania Afryki)
\n–\tTransport kolejowy<\/strong> kiedy\u015b by\u0142 sporo dro\u017cszy od transport morskiego, ale dzisiaj r\u00f3\u017cnice cenowe s\u0105 zdecydowanie ni\u017csze I jednocze\u015bnie trwa zdecydowanie kr\u00f3cej od transportu kolejowego.
\n–\tTransport drogowy<\/strong> (coraz cz\u0119\u015bciej stosowany w sytuacji problem\u00f3w z transportem morskim, odbywa si\u0119 na pddobnych warunkach co transport kolejowy)<\/p>\n

Transport z Dalekiego Wschodu mo\u017ce by\u0107 realizowany jako \u0142adunek pe\u0142nokontenerowy<\/strong> (FLC), albo jako \u0142adunek drobnicowy<\/strong> (LCL) i w tym drugim przypadki dzieli on przestrze\u0144 z innymi przesy\u0142kami.<\/p>\n

W\u015br\u00f3d dokument\u00f3w jakie nale\u017cy przedstawi\u0107 do odprawy celnej obejmuj\u0105 co najmniej nast\u0119puj\u0105ce dokumenty:
\n–\tLista pakowania<\/strong>
\n–\tCertyfikat pochodzenia<\/strong> i\/lub certyfikat CE (szczeg\u00f3lnie istotnie w przypadku importu maszyn i urz\u0105dze\u0144)
\n–\tList przewozowy<\/strong>
\n–\tFaktura handlowa<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"Import<\/a><\/p>\n

Po otrzymaniu zam\u00f3wienia nale\u017cy przygotowa\u0107 si\u0119 na op\u0142acenie ce\u0142 importowych<\/strong>, podatk\u00f3w<\/strong> oraz zorganizowa\u0107 odbi\u00f3r i transport produkt\u00f3w (wcze\u015bniej jednak nale\u017cy sprawdzi\u0107, czy przesy\u0142ka nie ma uszkodze\u0144).<\/p>\n

Aktualnie coraz cz\u0119\u015bciej firmy z Dalekiego Wschodu prowadz\u0105 wysy\u0142ki swoich wyrob\u00f3w z magazyn\u00f3w zlokalizowanych w Europie, co jest istotne z kilku wzgl\u0119d\u00f3w:
\n–\tSprzeda\u017c z magazynu w EU<\/strong> powoduje, \u017ce firm\u0105 wprowadzaj\u0105c\u0105 towar na rynek EU jest firm\u0105 z Dalekiego Wschodu i to ona ponosi odpowiedzialno\u015b\u0107 za ten produkt (szczeg\u00f3lnie istotne przy produktach, kt\u00f3re mog\u0105 mie\u0107 wady ukryte lub nie spe\u0142niaj\u0105 wymaga\u0144 technicznych),
\n–\tZwykle zamawiaj\u0105c w EU nie musimy zamawia\u0107 ilo\u015bci kontenerowych<\/strong> i tym samym spada nam wysoko\u015b\u0107 zaanga\u017cowanego kapita\u0142u,
\n–\tJe\u015bli firma ma oddzia\u0142 w EU to zwykle mo\u017ce liczy\u0107 r\u00f3wnie\u017c na prowadzenie obs\u0142ugi serwisowej i posprzeda\u017cowej<\/strong> (obs\u0142uga gwarancyjna i pogwarancyjna).<\/p>\n

Organizuj\u0105c import z Dalekiego Wschodu<\/strong> warto dobrze si\u0119 do niego przygotowa\u0107, aby\u015bmy nie mieli problem\u00f3w czy to z produktami, czy te\u017c z kosztami, kt\u00f3re b\u0119d\u0105 wy\u017csze ni\u017c uzyskiwane przychody z ich sprzeda\u017cy. R\u00f3wnie\u017c takie kwestie jak obs\u0142uga posprzeda\u017cowa<\/strong> jest bardzo wa\u017cna, gdy\u017c mo\u017ce ona wp\u0142ywa\u0107 na fakt, \u017ce cena produktu u\u017cywanego<\/strong> b\u0119dzie bardzo szybko spada\u0142a (brak gwarancji), czy te\u017c rynek b\u0119dzie odrzuca\u0142 produkt (na przyk\u0142ad gdy nie mo\u017cna go naprawi\u0107, wzgl\u0119dnie zakupi\u0107 cz\u0119\u015bci zamienne). <\/p>\n

\"Import<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Import produkt\u00f3w z Dalekiego Wschodu mo\u017ce by\u0107 op\u0142acalny, przy czym poszukuj\u0105c \u017ar\u00f3d\u0142a dostaw mamy albo mo\u017cliwo\u015b\u0107 kontaktu z firmami typowo handlowymi, albo bezpo\u015brednio z fabryk\u0105. W przypadku fabryk koszt produkt\u00f3w mo\u017ce by\u0107 ni\u017cszy ze wzgl\u0119du na ich bezpo\u015brednie \u017ar\u00f3d\u0142o (mog\u0105 one oferowa\u0107 r\u00f3\u017cne poziomy minimalnych zam\u00f3wie\u0144, mo\u017cliwo\u015b\u0107 produkcji wg wymaga\u0144 klienta w tym na zasadach […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1315,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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